金門地區緬甸蟒現況調查(2/2)

簡介

緬甸蟒（Python molurus bivittatus）分布於南亞、東南亞至中國華南一帶，而在金門的記錄可追溯到國民政府播遷來台初期。然而由於戰事的影響，緬甸蟒在金門地區的族群自六零年代之後即消聲匿跡。直到近年受到撤軍的影響，棲地環境逐漸增加，族群數量才再度回復。然而由於越來越多的蟒蛇族群已開始造成當地民眾的恐慌與困擾，因此本研究擬針對金門地區的緬甸蟒進行生態與遺傳上的研究，以釐清族群的來源、棲地需求及遺傳特性，以茲未來經營管理的辦法的研擬。 我們以無線電追蹤技術（Radiotelemetry），使用全球定位系統（Global Positioning System）配合地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System; GIS）軟體處理座標資料，在2010年5月至2012年7月共追蹤了十一隻個體。結果顯示，緬甸蟒的活動範圍變異很大，活動範圍最大可達826.9公頃，而在秋季時節一夜之內的單次移動可達1220公尺。夏秋兩季緬甸蟒的活動力較強，且偏好夜行性，夏季白天大多在遮蔽較多的森林或池塘水中躲藏避免體溫過高。秋冬兩季則對陽光的需求較大，冬季蟒蛇活動力弱且大部分躲藏在洞穴中。在棲地利用的部分，道路及聚落對緬甸蟒的活動影響較大。從活動範圍的涵蓋區域以及移動路徑來看，緬甸蟒的活動區域包含了多樣化的棲地類型，春夏秋三季緬甸蟒大部分會選擇在草地環境中棲息，而在寒冷的冬季則會頻繁地利用軍方遺棄的地下通道。金門原生族群緬甸蟒具有季節性的棲地選擇行為，能將自身的體溫控制在合適的範圍。在分子遺傳分析方面，我們使用35隻金門族群的個體，5隻種源來自越南的個體，以及透過國際學術合作取得2隻來自中國福州的個體，定序其粒線體DNA的cyt b及CO1總長為2629bp的基因片段，重建其親緣關係。結果顯示金門族群與中國福州族群在親緣關係樹上呈現一單系群(monophyletic group)，顯示兩者間之親緣關係相當密切，並與越南族群具有明顯的遺傳差距。此結果證實金門地區的緬甸蟒應為原生的族群，並與鄰近大陸地區的緬甸蟒族群有一定程度的遺傳交流。 The Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus) distributed in India Peninsular, Southeast Asia, and southern provinces of China is one of the largest snakes in the world. The earliest record of the species in Kinmen Island could be traced to the early 1950s, when PRC and ROC split into two governmental units. Records of the python vanished in the last 40 years possibly due to over harvesting, habitat destruction, and the lasting bombardment. Until recent years, withdrawal of the armies provided for newly released habitats, thus what allowed the pythons to establish a new population. Nevertheless, the occurrence of the python has caused concerns from the general public in order to provide a proper management strategy for the conservation of the pythons. In this research, we investigated the basic information of the python such as conservation genetics, home rage, and habitat use. From May 2010 to July 2012, radio telemetry was applied to trace 11 pythons. The results suggest that the home range of the pythons may reach up to 826.9 hectare, with great mobility of more than 1km within a single fall night. A variety of habitat was used by the pythons, while underground tunnels were more commonly used as refugia to escape from the cold temperature in winters. Analysis based of mitochondrial DNA sequences from 42 pythons (including 35 individuals from Kinmen, 5 from Vietnam, and 2 from Fuzhou, mainland China) shows that the python population is no doubt a native and might still have gene flow with mainland populations.

發布單位：Taiwan Forestry Bureau
發布日期：2020/07/31
資料授權引用格式：Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License
資料集下載：DwC-A

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