GLORIA高海拔山區草原生態系動態複查

簡介

　　全球氣候正快速的暖化中，並在強烈地改變現存生物圈的外貌。高山地帶的生態系統對於溫度之上升最為敏感，主要是因為高山是由低溫條件所構成的生態系統，所以高山植群常用為偵測暖化效應的有力工具。最近的調查顯示台灣中部山地的植物在過去一世紀平均每年上移3.6公尺；由於台灣高山地區的特有種比率以及單位面積的分類群密度都是最高的，因此對於生物向上遷移所可能造成的生態系衝擊需要加以研究並提出適當的對策。針對此議題，本研究依據「全球高山環境觀測研究計畫」（英文簡稱GLORIA），於民國97年至99年間，在台灣本島高海拔山區選擇5個符合標準的目標區域以及各區域內適合調查所需的3座山峰，測量並收集各山峰上的高海拔山區草原生態系之長期生態監測基本資料。今年所進行的為針對其中的大水窟目標區域進行複查的工作，並在附近的區域進行草本植群的調查及分類，以比較物種、植群和環境因子在垂直和水平梯度上的分布格局及變化，為物種和植群的長期監測提供基礎資料。草本植群可分為3種植群型: 油薹植群型、香青-玉山箭竹植群型及一枝黃花-玉山箭竹植群型；除濕生之油薹植群型，其他兩型亦為GLORIA山峰地區的植群型。在物種豐度方面，發現其不只與海拔有相關，且與取樣面積在1 m x 1 m以上的樣區面積相關；另外，溫度之隨海拔變化可能會影響植物種類的類型在垂直和水平梯度上的分布，此點在未來兩年加入四個目標區域之數據後或將會更明顯；同時物種豐度變化也與溫度變化有顯著線性關係，是否會因此影響某類物種的生存則需要進一步分析；各山峰及不同類型的樣區，本次複查顯示大多數較前次調查有較多種類及特有種，沒有跡象顯示有任何物種因較高海拔之較低面積以及增加的物種而有衰退的情形，長期影響則尚待觀察；未來兩年加入之數據當可為生物多樣性喪失的風險和生態系統不穩定的風險提供重要的評估依據。 　　The quick globe climatic warming is strongly affect the existed biospheres. The ecological systems in the alpine region is especially sensitive to temperature increasing as the alpine area is composed of the ecosystems made by low temperature condition. The recent study revealed that plant species have moved upward 3.6 meters annually in the central mountain regions of Taiwan. As the endemic percentage and taxon density are very high in Taiwan alpine region, it is needed to assess the impact of these up-moving plants on alpine ecosystem. This project aims to measure and collect all long-term ecological monitoring data for Taiwan alpine grassland ecosystem. Five target regions with three summits per region have been surveyed in 2008-2010 with the protocols set up by GLobal Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environment, GLORIA. This year project is to resurvey the Dashueiku target region and to make a herbaceous vegetation classification for the National Yushan National Park alpine grassland. Three vegetation types have been identified. The horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of each plant species found in the plot were studied. It is found that species abundance is positively related to sampling plot area, negatively related to altitude. However, species number and endemic species number were all increased in all summits and almost all plots with the area above certain size, and there is no any previously recorded species missing and no sign that any species is declining. However, long-term monitoring is especially needed as the area is limited in the summit. This year data, together with next two year results, can be used to assess the potential loss of alpine biodiversity and risks of alpine ecosystems.

發布單位：Taiwan Forestry Bureau
發布日期：2020/07/31
資料授權引用格式：Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License
資料集下載：DwC-A

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